The metals found in Fischer-type and Schrock-type carbenes have low and high values for this quantity respectively. The 18-electron rule is applicable for low values of this quantity for metals in organometallic complexes. (10[1])For a given pH, this quantity is found on the x-axis of Frost–Ebsworth diagrams. Relativistic effects affecting the 6s orbital allows gold (-5[1])to (-5[1])assume a negative value of this quantity. (10[1])Due to the inert-pair effect, larger Group 14 elements tend to reduce the value of this quantity by 2. Fluorine is the only (-5[1])halogen (-5[1])to exclusively have a value of negative one for this quantity. For 10 points, (10[2])name this quantity (10[1])that gives (-5[1])the number of electrons lost from an atom during (10[1])bonding. ■END■ (0[7])