Arthur Danto coined a term referring to a “world” of these things that has the same relationship to the real world as the “City of God stands to the Earthly City.” For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these objects whose “aura” is discussed in an essay on them “in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” by Walter Benjamin (“BEN-ya-meen”). These objects are the focus of aesthetics.
ANSWER: artworks [or works of art; accept specific types of artwork like paintings or drawings or photographs or films; accept “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”; accept “The Artworld”]
[10h] In that essay’s epilogue, Benjamin quotes a part of this text that claims war is beautiful for establishing “man’s dominion over the subjugated machinery.” This text claims that struggle is necessary for beauty to exist and opens “under mosque lamps” with a group that tramples “opulent Persian carpets.”
ANSWER: Manifesto of Futurism [or Manifesto del Futurismo; or Futurist Manifesto] (by Filippo Marinetti)
[10m] Benjamin was a member of this German philosophical school alongside thinkers like Herbert Marcuse (“mar-KOO-zuh”) and Theodor Adorno.
ANSWER: Frankfurt School
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