The first approved newborn genetic test, a bacterial assay developed by Robert Guthrie, was used to screen for this disease. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in the enzyme PAH. People with this disease are unable to metabolize phenyl·alanine and are advised not to consume the artificial sweetener aspartame.
ANSWER: PKU [or phenylketonuria; accept phenylketonurics; accept Følling disease]
[10h] Adding the blood of a sufferer of PKU to media containing bacteria of this genus promotes its proliferation in a Guthrie test. A member of this genus names a group of serine proteases commonly employed as a stain remover.
ANSWER: Bacillus [accept Bacillus subtilis; prompt on subtilisins by asking “what genus generates that enzymes?”]
[10e] Before Guthrie developed his namesake test, PKU was informally screened by reacting this substance with ferric chloride. The bladder stores this liquid substance before micturition.
ANSWER: urine [or pee; or piss; reject “urea”]
<Kane Nguyen, Biology>