Most languages fulfill Optimality Theory’s HNuc (“H-nuke”) constraint by making these constructs obligatory, unlike Czech and Tashelhiyt (“ta-shill-HEET”) Berber. Back mutation in Old English is an example of the “breaking” of these constructs. In one Salishan language, the phrase “then he had in his possession a bunchberry plant” entirely lacks these constructs. (-5[1])Unlike standard Italian’s (10[1])seven, Sardinian only distinguishes five of these constructs’ qualities. The transition from Middle to Early Modern English (-5[1])brought about a “Great” (10[1])shift (10[1])of these (10[4])constructs. (10[2])Two of these constructs (10[1])are undergoing the “cot–caught” merger in American English. (10[1])For 10 points, name these linguistic sounds contrasted with consonants. ■END■ (10[1])