Most languages fulfill Optimality Theory’s HNuc (“H-nuke”) constraint by making these constructs obligatory, unlike Czech and Tashelhiyt (“ta-shill-HEET”) Berber. Back mutation in Old English is an example of the “breaking” of these constructs. In one Salishan language, the phrase “then he had in his possession a bunchberry plant” (-5[1])entirely lacks these constructs. Unlike standard Italian’s seven, Sardinian (10[1])only distinguishes (10[2])five of these (-5[1])constructs’ qualities. The transition from Middle to Early Modern English brought (10[1])about (10[1])a “Great” shift (10[3])of these constructs. (10[1])Two of these constructs are undergoing the “cot–caught” merger (10[1])in American English. (10[1])For 10 points, name these linguistic sounds contrasted with consonants. ■END■ (10[1])