Joshua Hammer wrote a 2016 book documenting the effort to smuggle manuscripts from this city by its title Bad-Ass Librarians. A text from this city claims that one ruler cursed his son to have his genitals exposed and is often paired with a text written by Abd al-Sadi. (15[1])The persecution of scholars in this city was recounted in a history titled Chronicle of the Seeker. (15[2])Despite being based in this city, the scholar (15[1])(*) Al-Sahili likely did not design any buildings in this city. The Arab slave trade was criticized by this city’s scholar Ahmad Baba. A 1591 Moroccan invasion led to the capture of many scholars and the destruction of texts at this city’s Sankore University. (10[1])For 10 points, name this city, which served as a center of learning in the Songhai and Mali Empires. ■END■