Valentine Bargmann studied the central extension of an algebra named for this physicist that characterizes symmetries of the Schrödinger equation. Taking the limit as c tends to infinity in the Poincaré group produces a 10-dimensional group named for this physicist containing namesake “transformations” mapping “x” to “x minus v t.” It’s not Einstein, (-5[1])but this physicist deduced a principle of equivalence of inertial reference frames in (*) relativity with a thought experiment involving the detection of motion on a smoothly sailing ship. This physicist (-5[1])reportedly demonstrated the invariance of gravitational acceleration by dropping balls of differing masses (10[1])from the Leaning Tower (10[1])of (10[1])Pisa. (10[3])For 10 points, name this early physicist and astronomer whose espousal of Copernicanism led to his censure by the Catholic church. ■END■ (10[2])