Valentine Bargmann studied the central extension of an algebra named for this physicist that characterizes symmetries of the Schrödinger equation. Taking the limit as c tends to infinity in the Poincaré group produces a 10-dimensional group named for this physicist containing namesake “transformations” mapping “x” to “x minus v t.” It’s not Einstein, but this physicist deduced a principle of equivalence of inertial reference frames in (*) relativity with a thought experiment involving the detection of motion on a smoothly sailing ship. This physicist reportedly demonstrated the invariance of gravitational acceleration by dropping balls of differing masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For 10 points, name this early physicist and astronomer whose espousal of Copernicanism led to his censure by the Catholic church. ■END■
| 2025 PLAYTIME Online | 04/26/2025 | Y | 9 | 100% | 44% | 33% | 74.22 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Harvard | 04/26/2025 | Y | 4 | 100% | 25% | 25% | 78.75 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Virginia Tech | 07/11/2025 | Y | 3 | 100% | 33% | 33% | 80.00 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ UBC | 10/05/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 13% | 25% | 97.25 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ WashU | 10/12/2024 | Y | 6 | 100% | 17% | 50% | 93.83 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ JHU | 10/26/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 105.38 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Northwest | 12/10/2024 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 94.25 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Claremont | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 20% | 40% | 96.60 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Florida | 12/10/2024 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 98.33 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ CWRU | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 40% | 40% | 84.80 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Sheffield | 12/10/2024 | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 86% | 107.14 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | Harvard | 34 | 15 |
| Daniel Hothem | Monsieur Hulot's Academic Team | Egypt Airlines Haters | 34 | 15 |
| Alan Kappler | Claremont B | UCLA A | 39 | -5 |
| Sky Hong | we need new names | Auburn 2026 | 39 | -5 |
| Alex Li | Free Agents 1 | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | 39 | -5 |
| Paphon Susikakosol | Imperial A | Edinburgh | 42 | -5 |
| Eoin Neale | Lancaster | Imperial B | 42 | -5 |
| Leo Law | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | Too much from you lately | 42 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | Master and Margaritaville | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | 43 | -5 |
| Liam Kusalik | Waterloo A | Toronto A | 44 | -5 |
| Rayton Lin | Waterloo C | McGill A | 46 | -5 |
| Yash Mandavia | Illinois B | WashU Squirtle | 47 | -5 |
| Ethan Ma | Illinois C | WashU Charmander | 49 | -5 |
| Calvin Bostleman | Ohio State A | Ohio State C | 49 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Waterloo B | 51 | 15 |
| Anderson Wang | Art of Premature Signaling | UCSB | 51 | 15 |
| Nikhil Nair | BU | Belmont | 52 | -5 |
| Jolie Yeh | Warwick B | Warwick C | 52 | -5 |
| Michael Hunding | Illinois A | WashU Bulbasaur | 52 | 15 |
| Maximilian Niebur | Johns Hopkins A | George Mason C | 52 | -5 |
| Karthik Jayaram | Quatumvirate | MSJ | 52 | 15 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Oberlin | 54 | 15 |
| Rhys Lewis | Sheffield | LSE | 55 | -5 |
| Ryan Smith | mongeese | Notre Dame + Epic Games | 55 | 15 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | Ohio State B | 60 | -5 |
| Fred Garvey | Truman State | Chicago A | 62 | -5 |
| Andrew Nucci | UCLA B | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | 62 | -5 |
| Daniel Sheinberg | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | evil women enjoyers | 62 | -5 |
| Aditya Patnaik | Ohio State D | Michigan D | 63 | 15 |
| Kamil Swiatek | Alberta | UW A | 64 | -5 |
| Vincent Du | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | Master and Margaritaville | 65 | 15 |
| Eric Mukherjee | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | Free Agents 1 | 65 | 15 |
| Ben Richards | Sheffield C | Sheffield B | 66 | -5 |
| Sam Hastings | Birmingham | Cambridge | 70 | -5 |
| Mason Yu | Brown | Brandeis | 70 | 10 |
| Kai Madgwick | Manchester | Warwick A | 79 | 10 |
| June Yin | WashU Squirtle | Illinois B | 79 | 10 |
| Padraig Finan | Washington Connections | Carleton | 79 | 10 |
| Matt Weiner | Ashurbanipal’s Drag Race | Even in Blacksburg There I Am | 80 | 10 |
| Bhaskar Moorthy | Four Generalists in Search of a Power | Gruh | 80 | 10 |
| El Sanzalone | evil women enjoyers | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | 80 | 10 |
| Bill Zhao | Keeping Up With the Cardassians | Billy's Bastion | 81 | 10 |
| Kushal Aluru | Rutgers | CWRU | 82 | -5 |
| Yrwin Batan | MIT | Lexington | 88 | 10 |
| Sky Li | Toronto C | Toronto B | 88 | 10 |
| Rachel Bentham | Cambridge | Birmingham | 89 | 10 |
| Nolan Dannels | girl 15 whale i mean they | UCSD | 91 | 10 |
| Ryan Rosenberg | Adrianne Lenker 4 Nobel Lit Prize 2K65 | Somehow Paula Deen Returned | 95 | 10 |
| Zhiheng Liu | Michigan C | Michigan B | 95 | 10 |
| Nate Kang | NYU B | George Mason B | 95 | 10 |
| Simon Faltin | South Dakota School of Mines | Arizona State University B | 95 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto D | 95 | 10 |
| Chris Yoo | Mahjonng Masters | Illinois Orange | 98 | 10 |
| Joyann Hua | UBC | Guelph | 98 | 10 |
| Will Houston | Chicago B | SIUE | 99 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | NYU C | 99 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State University A | UW B | 99 | 10 |
| Ishan Joshi | Toronto Metropolitan | Mac A | 99 | 10 |
| Conor Thompson | Iowa State | Missouri | 100 | 10 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University of America | Maryland A | 100 | 10 |
| Anh Khoa Tran | Qin Shi Huang's Immortality Poison | Edwin Laundrorat's Long-Lost Man Unclothès Rat Degrosses | 100 | 10 |
| David Latimer | Imperial B | Lancaster | 101 | 10 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | Maryland B | 101 | 10 |
| Lesley Kwarteng | Johns Hopkins B | George Washington | 101 | 10 |
| Avery Barnett | Haverford B | Georgetown | 101 | 10 |
| Akshay Seetharam | Claremont A | Caltech | 101 | 10 |
| Tad Horomanski | 2 Italians, 2 Poles, All Noles | Goober Gang | 101 | 10 |
| Stefan Vlad | Ottawa A | Toronto E | 101 | 10 |
| Will McCurley | Auburn 2026 | we need new names | 103 | 10 |
| Pranet Sirikonda | Ohio State C | Ohio State A | 104 | 10 |
| Yaj Jhajhria | UW A | Alberta | 104 | 10 |
| Jacob Goodson | Ohio State B | Pittsburgh | 108 | 10 |
| Max Hodes | Chicago A | Truman State | 110 | 10 |
| Lovel Hearn | Edinburgh | Imperial A | 114 | 10 |
| Graham Cope | Too much from you lately | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | 114 | 10 |
| Parikshit Chauhan | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | UCLA B | 118 | 10 |
| Danny Fisher | Warwick C | Warwick B | 121 | 10 |
| Ivan Karp | UCLA A | Claremont B | 122 | 10 |
| Gregory Zeldovich | Belmont | BU | 123 | 10 |
| Andre Wong | LSE | Sheffield | 123 | 10 |
| Andrew Fisher | Sheffield B | Sheffield C | 123 | 10 |
| Samay Math | WashU Charmander | Illinois C | 123 | 10 |
| Alan Lee | CWRU | Rutgers | 123 | 10 |
| Braydon Morefield | George Mason C | Johns Hopkins A | 123 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill A | Waterloo C | 123 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto A | Waterloo A | 123 | 10 |