Valentine Bargmann studied the central extension of an algebra named for this physicist that characterizes symmetries of the Schrödinger equation. Taking the limit as c tends to infinity in the Poincaré group produces a 10-dimensional group named for this physicist containing namesake “transformations” mapping “x” to “x minus v t.” It’s not Einstein, but this physicist deduced a principle of equivalence of inertial reference frames in (*) relativity with a thought experiment involving the detection of motion on a smoothly sailing ship. This physicist reportedly demonstrated the invariance of gravitational acceleration by dropping balls of differing masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For 10 points, name this early physicist and astronomer whose espousal of Copernicanism led to his censure by the Catholic church. ■END■
| 2025 PLAYTIME Online | 04/26/2025 | Y | 9 | 100% | 44% | 33% | 74.22 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Harvard | 04/26/2025 | Y | 4 | 100% | 25% | 25% | 78.75 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Virginia Tech | 07/11/2025 | Y | 3 | 100% | 33% | 33% | 80.00 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ UBC | 10/05/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 13% | 25% | 97.25 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ WashU | 10/12/2024 | Y | 6 | 100% | 17% | 50% | 93.83 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ JHU | 10/26/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 105.38 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Northwest | 12/10/2024 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 94.25 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Claremont | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 20% | 40% | 96.60 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Florida | 12/10/2024 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 98.33 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ CWRU | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 40% | 40% | 84.80 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Sheffield | 12/10/2024 | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 86% | 107.14 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | Harvard | 34 | 15 |
| Daniel Hothem | Monsieur Hulot's Academic Team | Egypt Airlines Haters | 34 | 15 |
| Sky Hong | we need new names | Auburn 2026 | 39 | -5 |
| Alex Li | Free Agents 1 | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | 39 | -5 |
| Alan Kappler | Claremont B | UCLA A | 39 | -5 |
| Paphon Susikakosol | Imperial A | Edinburgh | 42 | -5 |
| Eoin Neale | Lancaster | Imperial B | 42 | -5 |
| Leo Law | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | Too much from you lately | 42 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | Master and Margaritaville | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | 43 | -5 |
| Liam Kusalik | Waterloo A | Toronto A | 44 | -5 |
| Rayton Lin | Waterloo C | McGill A | 46 | -5 |
| Yash Mandavia | Illinois B | WashU Squirtle | 47 | -5 |
| Ethan Ma | Illinois C | WashU Charmander | 49 | -5 |
| Calvin Bostleman | Ohio State A | Ohio State C | 49 | -5 |
| Anderson Wang | Art of Premature Signaling | UCSB | 51 | 15 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Waterloo B | 51 | 15 |
| Nikhil Nair | BU | Belmont | 52 | -5 |
| Maximilian Niebur | Johns Hopkins A | George Mason C | 52 | -5 |
| Michael Hunding | Illinois A | WashU Bulbasaur | 52 | 15 |
| Karthik Jayaram | Quatumvirate | MSJ | 52 | 15 |
| Jolie Yeh | Warwick B | Warwick C | 52 | -5 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Oberlin | 54 | 15 |
| Rhys Lewis | Sheffield | LSE | 55 | -5 |
| Ryan Smith | mongeese | Notre Dame + Epic Games | 55 | 15 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | Ohio State B | 60 | -5 |
| Andrew Nucci | UCLA B | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | 62 | -5 |
| Fred Garvey | Truman State | Chicago A | 62 | -5 |
| Daniel Sheinberg | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | evil women enjoyers | 62 | -5 |
| Aditya Patnaik | Ohio State D | Michigan D | 63 | 15 |
| Kamil Swiatek | Alberta | UW A | 64 | -5 |
| Eric Mukherjee | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | Free Agents 1 | 65 | 15 |
| Vincent Du | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | Master and Margaritaville | 65 | 15 |
| Ben Richards | Sheffield C | Sheffield B | 66 | -5 |
| Mason Yu | Brown | Brandeis | 70 | 10 |
| Sam Hastings | Birmingham | Cambridge | 70 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU Squirtle | Illinois B | 79 | 10 |
| Padraig Finan | Washington Connections | Carleton | 79 | 10 |
| Kai Madgwick | Manchester | Warwick A | 79 | 10 |
| Bhaskar Moorthy | Four Generalists in Search of a Power | Gruh | 80 | 10 |
| Matt Weiner | Ashurbanipal’s Drag Race | Even in Blacksburg There I Am | 80 | 10 |
| El Sanzalone | evil women enjoyers | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | 80 | 10 |
| Bill Zhao | Keeping Up With the Cardassians | Billy's Bastion | 81 | 10 |
| Kushal Aluru | Rutgers | CWRU | 82 | -5 |
| Yrwin Batan | MIT | Lexington | 88 | 10 |
| Sky Li | Toronto C | Toronto B | 88 | 10 |
| Rachel Bentham | Cambridge | Birmingham | 89 | 10 |
| Nolan Dannels | girl 15 whale i mean they | UCSD | 91 | 10 |
| Nate Kang | NYU B | George Mason B | 95 | 10 |
| Zhiheng Liu | Michigan C | Michigan B | 95 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto D | 95 | 10 |
| Ryan Rosenberg | Adrianne Lenker 4 Nobel Lit Prize 2K65 | Somehow Paula Deen Returned | 95 | 10 |
| Simon Faltin | South Dakota School of Mines | Arizona State University B | 95 | 10 |
| Joyann Hua | UBC | Guelph | 98 | 10 |
| Chris Yoo | Mahjonng Masters | Illinois Orange | 98 | 10 |
| Ishan Joshi | Toronto Metropolitan | Mac A | 99 | 10 |
| Will Houston | Chicago B | SIUE | 99 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | NYU C | 99 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State University A | UW B | 99 | 10 |
| Conor Thompson | Iowa State | Missouri | 100 | 10 |
| Anh Khoa Tran | Qin Shi Huang's Immortality Poison | Edwin Laundrorat's Long-Lost Man Unclothès Rat Degrosses | 100 | 10 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University of America | Maryland A | 100 | 10 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | Maryland B | 101 | 10 |
| Lesley Kwarteng | Johns Hopkins B | George Washington | 101 | 10 |
| Avery Barnett | Haverford B | Georgetown | 101 | 10 |
| Akshay Seetharam | Claremont A | Caltech | 101 | 10 |
| Stefan Vlad | Ottawa A | Toronto E | 101 | 10 |
| Tad Horomanski | 2 Italians, 2 Poles, All Noles | Goober Gang | 101 | 10 |
| David Latimer | Imperial B | Lancaster | 101 | 10 |
| Will McCurley | Auburn 2026 | we need new names | 103 | 10 |
| Pranet Sirikonda | Ohio State C | Ohio State A | 104 | 10 |
| Yaj Jhajhria | UW A | Alberta | 104 | 10 |
| Jacob Goodson | Ohio State B | Pittsburgh | 108 | 10 |
| Max Hodes | Chicago A | Truman State | 110 | 10 |
| Lovel Hearn | Edinburgh | Imperial A | 114 | 10 |
| Graham Cope | Too much from you lately | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | 114 | 10 |
| Parikshit Chauhan | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | UCLA B | 118 | 10 |
| Danny Fisher | Warwick C | Warwick B | 121 | 10 |
| Ivan Karp | UCLA A | Claremont B | 122 | 10 |
| Gregory Zeldovich | Belmont | BU | 123 | 10 |
| Braydon Morefield | George Mason C | Johns Hopkins A | 123 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill A | Waterloo C | 123 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto A | Waterloo A | 123 | 10 |
| Samay Math | WashU Charmander | Illinois C | 123 | 10 |
| Andre Wong | LSE | Sheffield | 123 | 10 |
| Alan Lee | CWRU | Rutgers | 123 | 10 |
| Andrew Fisher | Sheffield B | Sheffield C | 123 | 10 |