Valentine Bargmann studied the central extension of an algebra named for this physicist that characterizes symmetries of the Schrödinger equation. Taking the limit as c tends to infinity in the Poincaré group produces a 10-dimensional group named for this physicist containing namesake “transformations” mapping “x” to “x minus v t.” It’s not Einstein, but this physicist deduced a principle of equivalence of inertial reference frames in (*) relativity with a thought experiment involving the detection of motion on a smoothly sailing ship. This physicist reportedly demonstrated the invariance of gravitational acceleration by dropping balls of differing masses from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. For 10 points, name this early physicist and astronomer whose espousal of Copernicanism led to his censure by the Catholic church. ■END■
| 2025 PLAYTIME Online | 04/26/2025 | Y | 9 | 100% | 44% | 33% | 74.22 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Harvard | 04/26/2025 | Y | 4 | 100% | 25% | 25% | 78.75 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ Virginia Tech | 07/11/2025 | Y | 3 | 100% | 33% | 33% | 80.00 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ UBC | 10/05/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 13% | 25% | 97.25 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ WashU | 10/12/2024 | Y | 6 | 100% | 17% | 50% | 93.83 |
| 2024 PLAYTIME @ JHU | 10/26/2024 | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 105.38 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Northwest | 12/10/2024 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 94.25 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Claremont | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 20% | 40% | 96.60 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Florida | 12/10/2024 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 98.33 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ CWRU | 12/10/2024 | Y | 5 | 100% | 40% | 40% | 84.80 |
| 2025 PLAYTIME @ Sheffield | 12/10/2024 | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 86% | 107.14 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | Harvard | 34 | 15 |
| Daniel Hothem | Monsieur Hulot's Academic Team | Egypt Airlines Haters | 34 | 15 |
| Alan Kappler | Claremont B | UCLA A | 39 | -5 |
| Sky Hong | we need new names | Auburn 2026 | 39 | -5 |
| Alex Li | Free Agents 1 | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | 39 | -5 |
| Leo Law | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | Too much from you lately | 42 | -5 |
| Paphon Susikakosol | Imperial A | Edinburgh | 42 | -5 |
| Eoin Neale | Lancaster | Imperial B | 42 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | Master and Margaritaville | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | 43 | -5 |
| Liam Kusalik | Waterloo A | Toronto A | 44 | -5 |
| Rayton Lin | Waterloo C | McGill A | 46 | -5 |
| Yash Mandavia | Illinois B | WashU Squirtle | 47 | -5 |
| Calvin Bostleman | Ohio State A | Ohio State C | 49 | -5 |
| Ethan Ma | Illinois C | WashU Charmander | 49 | -5 |
| Anderson Wang | Art of Premature Signaling | UCSB | 51 | 15 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Waterloo B | 51 | 15 |
| Michael Hunding | Illinois A | WashU Bulbasaur | 52 | 15 |
| Maximilian Niebur | Johns Hopkins A | George Mason C | 52 | -5 |
| Jolie Yeh | Warwick B | Warwick C | 52 | -5 |
| Nikhil Nair | BU | Belmont | 52 | -5 |
| Karthik Jayaram | Quatumvirate | MSJ | 52 | 15 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Oberlin | 54 | 15 |
| Ryan Smith | mongeese | Notre Dame + Epic Games | 55 | 15 |
| Rhys Lewis | Sheffield | LSE | 55 | -5 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | Ohio State B | 60 | -5 |
| Andrew Nucci | UCLA B | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | 62 | -5 |
| Fred Garvey | Truman State | Chicago A | 62 | -5 |
| Daniel Sheinberg | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | evil women enjoyers | 62 | -5 |
| Aditya Patnaik | Ohio State D | Michigan D | 63 | 15 |
| Kamil Swiatek | Alberta | UW A | 64 | -5 |
| Vincent Du | 4 quizbowl pros go Virginia on North Carolina | Master and Margaritaville | 65 | 15 |
| Eric Mukherjee | Mike Dukakis Tank Battalion | Free Agents 1 | 65 | 15 |
| Ben Richards | Sheffield C | Sheffield B | 66 | -5 |
| Mason Yu | Brown | Brandeis | 70 | 10 |
| Sam Hastings | Birmingham | Cambridge | 70 | -5 |
| Padraig Finan | Washington Connections | Carleton | 79 | 10 |
| Kai Madgwick | Manchester | Warwick A | 79 | 10 |
| June Yin | WashU Squirtle | Illinois B | 79 | 10 |
| Matt Weiner | Ashurbanipal’s Drag Race | Even in Blacksburg There I Am | 80 | 10 |
| Bhaskar Moorthy | Four Generalists in Search of a Power | Gruh | 80 | 10 |
| El Sanzalone | evil women enjoyers | Trip-Hop Quizzer Tricky | 80 | 10 |
| Bill Zhao | Keeping Up With the Cardassians | Billy's Bastion | 81 | 10 |
| Kushal Aluru | Rutgers | CWRU | 82 | -5 |
| Yrwin Batan | MIT | Lexington | 88 | 10 |
| Sky Li | Toronto C | Toronto B | 88 | 10 |
| Rachel Bentham | Cambridge | Birmingham | 89 | 10 |
| Nolan Dannels | girl 15 whale i mean they | UCSD | 91 | 10 |
| Zhiheng Liu | Michigan C | Michigan B | 95 | 10 |
| Nate Kang | NYU B | George Mason B | 95 | 10 |
| Simon Faltin | South Dakota School of Mines | Arizona State University B | 95 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto D | 95 | 10 |
| Ryan Rosenberg | Adrianne Lenker 4 Nobel Lit Prize 2K65 | Somehow Paula Deen Returned | 95 | 10 |
| Joyann Hua | UBC | Guelph | 98 | 10 |
| Chris Yoo | Mahjonng Masters | Illinois Orange | 98 | 10 |
| Will Houston | Chicago B | SIUE | 99 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State University A | UW B | 99 | 10 |
| Ishan Joshi | Toronto Metropolitan | Mac A | 99 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | NYU C | 99 | 10 |
| Anh Khoa Tran | Qin Shi Huang's Immortality Poison | Edwin Laundrorat's Long-Lost Man Unclothès Rat Degrosses | 100 | 10 |
| Conor Thompson | Iowa State | Missouri | 100 | 10 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University of America | Maryland A | 100 | 10 |
| Akshay Seetharam | Claremont A | Caltech | 101 | 10 |
| Stefan Vlad | Ottawa A | Toronto E | 101 | 10 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | Maryland B | 101 | 10 |
| Lesley Kwarteng | Johns Hopkins B | George Washington | 101 | 10 |
| Avery Barnett | Haverford B | Georgetown | 101 | 10 |
| Tad Horomanski | 2 Italians, 2 Poles, All Noles | Goober Gang | 101 | 10 |
| David Latimer | Imperial B | Lancaster | 101 | 10 |
| Will McCurley | Auburn 2026 | we need new names | 103 | 10 |
| Pranet Sirikonda | Ohio State C | Ohio State A | 104 | 10 |
| Yaj Jhajhria | UW A | Alberta | 104 | 10 |
| Jacob Goodson | Ohio State B | Pittsburgh | 108 | 10 |
| Max Hodes | Chicago A | Truman State | 110 | 10 |
| Graham Cope | Too much from you lately | Project2025BC: Make Assyria Great Again | 114 | 10 |
| Lovel Hearn | Edinburgh | Imperial A | 114 | 10 |
| Parikshit Chauhan | P.C.‚ Daniel‚ Michel‚ and Jason B | UCLA B | 118 | 10 |
| Danny Fisher | Warwick C | Warwick B | 121 | 10 |
| Ivan Karp | UCLA A | Claremont B | 122 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill A | Waterloo C | 123 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto A | Waterloo A | 123 | 10 |
| Alan Lee | CWRU | Rutgers | 123 | 10 |
| Braydon Morefield | George Mason C | Johns Hopkins A | 123 | 10 |
| Andrew Fisher | Sheffield B | Sheffield C | 123 | 10 |
| Gregory Zeldovich | Belmont | BU | 123 | 10 |
| Andre Wong | LSE | Sheffield | 123 | 10 |
| Samay Math | WashU Charmander | Illinois C | 123 | 10 |