Volcanic activity from its moons and a rapid rate of this process sustain a large torus around Jupiter that damaged Voyager 1. OB stars drive this process to produce surrounding Strömgren spheres like the Rosette Nebula. A formula describing this process (15[1])that relates ratios of N and Z terms was used by Cecilia Payne to demonstrate the composition of stellar atmospheres. The presence of the Gunn–Peterson trough at redshifts above z equals 6 is evidence for this process in the (*) early universe (-5[2])that occurred after recombination and the “Dark Ages.” This process is modeled by the Saha equation, which gives a poor approximation for the distribution of gaseous components of the interstellar medium that have undergone this process. This process has occurred to atomic hydrogen in H II (-5[1])regions. For 10 points, name this process in which an atom gains or loses (-5[1])electrons. (10[2])■END■ (10[2]0[1])