Volcanic activity from its moons and a rapid rate of this process sustain a large torus around Jupiter that damaged Voyager 1. OB stars drive this process to produce surrounding Strömgren (-5[1])spheres like the Rosette Nebula. (15[2])A formula describing this process (15[1])that relates (15[1])ratios of N and Z terms was used by (15[1])Cecilia Payne to demonstrate the composition of stellar atmospheres. The presence of the Gunn–Peterson (-5[1])trough (-5[1])at redshifts above z (15[1])equals 6 is evidence for this process in (15[1])the (*) early universe (-5[2])that occurred after recombination (10[1])and the “Dark Ages.” (10[2]-5[1])This process is modeled by the Saha equation, (10[3])which (-5[1])gives a (10[1])poor approximation for the distribution of gaseous components of the interstellar medium that have undergone (10[1])this process. (-5[1])This process has occurred to atomic hydrogen in H (10[1])II (-5[1])regions. (-5[1])For 10 points, name this process (-5[1])in which an atom gains or loses (10[2]-5[1])electrons. (10[4])■END■ (10[13]0[3])