Question
William Lane Craig popularized among philosophers a cosmological argument named for this term, which argues that the universe, as something that began to exist, must have a personal cause. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this term for the philosophical variety of Islamic theology. More literally, this term means “speech” or “word.”
ANSWER: kalam
[10h] This theologian criticized the kalam cosmological argument for assuming that a thing exists and inferring God from there. The Illuminationism of al-Suhrawardi influenced this philosopher, part of the “School of Isfahan.”
ANSWER: Mulla Sadra [accept Sadr al-Muta’allihin; accept Sadr al-Din Muhammad Shirazi]
[10e] Mulla Sadr was a member of the “Twelver” form of this branch of Islam, which is distinguished from other forms of this branch of Islam by its beliefs on the sequence of imams after Ali.
ANSWER: Shia [accept Shiism or Shiite; do not accept or prompt on “Sunni”]
<Benjamin McAvoy-Bickford, Religion>
Summary
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