Question
Answer the following about the quantization of conductance, for 10 points each.
[10e] Conductance is quantized in multiples of elementary charge squared over Planck's constant in the quantum form of this phenomenon in which a perpendicular current and magnetic field generate a transverse voltage.
ANSWER: Hall effect [or quantum Hall effect]
[10m] A formula named for this scientist expresses a system’s conductance as the conductance quantum times a sum of transmission eigenvalues. He also names the lower limit on the energy required to erase a qubit of information.
ANSWER: Rolf Landauer [accept Landauer formula; accept Landauer's principle or Landauer limit]
[10h] The conductance quantum is defined by these systems, which can be formed by depleting a 2D electron gas on both sides of a heterojunction until its Fermi wavelength exceeds connection size. More crudely, they can also be formed by ripping a conductor into two until only a nanoscale connection remains.
ANSWER: quantum point contacts [prompt on QPCs; prompt on break-junctions with "which act as what sort of system?"]
<Chen, Physics>
Summary
| 2024 ESPN @ Stanford | 03/09/2024 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
Data
| Berkeley B | Berkeley A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Stanford | Free Agents | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |