Question
“Pathogen-associated” and “damage-associated” classes of these motifs are the primary ligands for toll-like receptors. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this class of motifs on molecules like flagellin and lipopolysaccharide which provoke an innate immune response upon receptor binding. Toll-like receptors belong to a class of “recognition receptors” for these motifs.
ANSWER: molecular patterns [accept pattern recognition receptors; accept PAMPs and DAMPs]
[10e] Damage-associated molecular patterns are released from cells upon pathogen-induced damage, such as this macromolecule typically found in the mitochondrion and nucleus. In viruses, CpG sites in this molecule are unmethylated and are recognized by TLR9.
ANSWER: DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid]
[10h] Cytosolic DNA is recognized by proteins in a pathway that is named for a cyclic dinucleotide synthase and a protein that mediates type-I interferon production. Name either of those two proteins.
ANSWER: cGAS (“see-gas”) OR STING (“sting”) [accept either underlined portion; accept cGAS-STING pathway]
<Omer, Biology>
Summary
| 2024 ESPN @ Brown | 04/06/2024 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| 2024 ESPN @ Cambridge | 04/06/2024 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| 2024 ESPN @ Online | 06/01/2024 | Y | 3 | 6.67 | 33% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| Riley et al. | Tunks et al. | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| The Present King of James is Bald | Williams et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Free-ish Agents | World's Fair Wiggle Walk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |