Question
“Pathogen-associated” and “damage-associated” classes of these motifs are the primary ligands for toll-like receptors. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this class of motifs on molecules like flagellin and lipopolysaccharide which provoke an innate immune response upon receptor binding. Toll-like receptors belong to a class of “recognition receptors” for these motifs.
ANSWER: molecular patterns [accept pattern recognition receptors; accept PAMPs and DAMPs]
[10e] Damage-associated molecular patterns are released from cells upon pathogen-induced damage, such as this macromolecule typically found in the mitochondrion and nucleus. In viruses, CpG sites in this molecule are unmethylated and are recognized by TLR9.
ANSWER: DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid]
[10h] Cytosolic DNA is recognized by proteins in a pathway that is named for a cyclic dinucleotide synthase and a protein that mediates type-I interferon production. Name either of those two proteins.
ANSWER: cGAS OR STING [accept either underlined portion; accept cGAS-STING pathway]
<Omer, Biology>
Summary
| 2024 ESPN @ Chicago | 03/23/2024 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 83% | 17% | 17% |
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