Question
A biomarker for this state is the successful staining of beta-galactosidase at a pH of 6. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this cellular state. Both terminally differentiated cells and cells in this state are irreversibly stuck in the G0 phase.
ANSWER: cellular senescence [or senescent; accept senescence-associated beta-galactosidase; prompt on aging or aged]
[10e] Senescence is characterized by the gradual shortening and then disappearance of these sequences on the ends of chromosomes. Their shortening is linked to the Hayflick limit.
ANSWER: telomeres
[10h] Another quality of senescent cells is a pro-inflammatory phenotype named for and characterized by this process. IL-1 beta undergoes a non-classical form of this process and is therefore called “leaderless.”
ANSWER: secretion [accept word forms like secreting; accept non-classical or non-conventional secretion; accept senescence-associated secretory phenotype; prompt on word forms of translocation; prompt on protein targeting]
<Chen, Biology>
Summary
| 2024 ESPN @ Chicago | 03/23/2024 | Y | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| 2024 ESPN @ Columbia | 03/23/2024 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2024 ESPN @ Duke | 03/23/2024 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 0% | 50% |