In one model, the product of velocity and this phenomenon’s namesake “displacement” is an argument of the signum function. That equation for the restoring force over time is part of a model for this phenomenon named after Bouc and Wen. Examining this phenomenon on a microscopic level shows a series of random (-5[1])fluctuations called Barkhausen jumps that usually occur in (*) ferromagnets. Laminated cores mitigate energy loss due to eddy currents and this phenomenon’s namesake “loss.” Pinched forms of this phenomenon are displayed in memristors. The relationship between the induced magnetic flux density and the magnetizing force is called this phenomenon’s namesake “loops.” (10[1])For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a system’s state depends on its history. ■END■ (10[2]0[2])