William Giauque developed a device to perform this process which often uses gadolinium or praseodymium alloys. In those devices, a “salt pill” is exposed to a slowly weakening magnetic field in order to perform this process. Kapitza boundary resistance limits the performance of “dilution” devices to perform this process, which is also done by “pulse tube” devices. This process often uses compounds such as (*) R-134a and has compression, condensation, throttling and evaporation steps, giving it a trapezoidal shape on an enthalpy-pressure diagram. This process, which is essentially a reverse Carnot cycle, names a law developed by Newton stating the time derivative of T is proportional to the difference in T. For 10 points, name this process which expels heat from a system to its surroundings. ■END■
ANSWER: refrigeration [or cooling; accept cryocooling; accept adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration or ADR; accept dilution refrigeration; accept vapor-compression refrigeration; accept air conditioning or AC; accept equivalents such as making things colder; prompt on heat transfer or exchanging heat]
<Science - Physics>
= Average correct buzz position