Some theories which solve this problem may themselves face the “tacking paradox,” also known as the irrelevant conjunction problem. After his original solution to this problem was criticized for containing outside information, I. J. Good created the example of an infinitely intelligent newborn (15[1])baby. The paper which describes this problem rejects the converse consequence condition, and follows it with an example of pure ice not turning yellow in a flame test. This problem relies on the (*) equivalence condition (10[1])and Nicod’s criterion, which states that universal generalizations are supported by their instances. First laid out in “Studies in the Logic of Confirmation,” this problem results in almost all observations confirming its central hypothesis. For 10 points, name this paradox by Carl Hempel, which concludes that the existence of green apples confirms the claim that certain birds are black. ■END■ (10[1])