Tai Tsun Wu and Yang Chen-Ning theorized a non-abelian form of this effect that lacks time-reversal symmetry. In 2022, Chris Overstreet et al. used interferometry to experimentally observe a gravitational analog of this effect. In the Little-Parks effect, the BCS (-5[1])condensate experiences this other effect, causing the superconducting critical temperature to vary. In a gauge-invariant equation describing this effect, action over (*) h bar equals q over h bar c times the magnetic flux. This effect is a special case of a holonomy named for Berry (10[1])that is produced by cyclic adiabatic processes. The magnitude of this effect is proportional to the line integral of the vector potential, which is sometimes argued (10[1])to have physical significance due to this effect. For 10 points, name this effect in which particles pick up a phase as they move through a region with no electric or magnetic field. ■END■ (0[1])