Tai Tsun Wu and Yang Chen-Ning theorized a non-abelian form of this effect that lacks time-reversal symmetry. In 2022, Chris Overstreet et al. used interferometry to experimentally observe a gravitational analog of this effect. In the Little-Parks effect, the BCS (-5[1])condensate (-5[1])experiences this other effect, causing the superconducting critical (-5[1])temperature to vary. In a gauge-invariant equation describing this effect, action over (*) h bar equals q over h bar c times the magnetic flux. (10[1])This effect (-5[1])is a special case of a (10[1])holonomy (10[1])named for Berry (10[1])that is produced by cyclic adiabatic (10[1]-5[1])processes. (10[2])The magnitude of this effect is proportional to the line integral of the vector potential, which is sometimes argued (10[1])to have physical significance (10[1])due to this effect. (10[1])For 10 (10[1])points, (10[1])name this effect in which particles pick up a phase as they move through a region with no electric (10[1]-5[1])or magnetic field. ■END■ (10[1]0[15])