Question

Two answers required. These two names are argued to have different diagonal propositions in Robert Stalnaker’s 1978 paper “Assertion.” For 10 points each:
[10h] The contrast between the presence of actual identity and lack of necessary identity between what two names was used by Saul Kripke to explain his idea of rigid designators?
ANSWER: Hesperus AND Phosphorus [or the morning star AND evening star]
[10e] Stalnaker used the example of Hesperus and Phosphorus in an influential paper in the “two-dimensional” approach to this field, the study of linguistic meaning, which is often paired with syntax.
ANSWER: semantics
[10m] Two-dimensional semantics extends a semantics based on these entities, which treat meanings as intensions that map from these entities to extensions, or referents. Modal realism holds that these entities truly exist.
ANSWER: possible worlds
<VD, Philosophy>

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