This polity benefitted from Andronikos II granting a hereditary “lordship” around alum mines in Phocaea. This polity controlled exports of mastic gum from the island of Chios through the maona system of tax farming. After a formal admiral was made “perpetual censor,” the number of this city’s aristocratic “Alberghi” families was restricted to 28. This city consolidated its war debt by founding the (*) Bank of Saint George. By the Treaty of Nymphaeum, this city gained exclusive trading rights to the Black Sea, leading (10[1])it to establish colonies like Caffa, a possible (10[1])entry point of the Black Death into Europe. This city’s doges were limited to two year terms by the reforms of Andrea Doria, and had much earlier been defeated by its primary rival in the War of Chioggia (“KYOH-jah”). For 10 points, name this Italian city-state and rival of Venice, where Christopher Columbus was born. ■END■