This polity benefitted from Andronikos II granting a hereditary “lordship” around alum mines in Phocaea. This polity controlled exports of mastic gum from the island of Chios through the maona system of tax farming. After a formal admiral was made “perpetual censor,” the number of this city’s (15[1])aristocratic “Alberghi” families was restricted to 28. This city consolidated its war debt by founding the (*) Bank of Saint George. By the Treaty of Nymphaeum, this city gained exclusive trading rights to the Black Sea, leading it to establish colonies like Caffa, a possible entry point of the Black Death into Europe. This city’s doges were limited (-5[1])to two year (-5[1])terms by the reforms of Andrea Doria, and had much earlier been defeated by its primary rival in the War of Chioggia (“KYOH-jah”). For 10 points, name this Italian city-state and rival of Venice, where Christopher Columbus was born. ■END■ (10[2])