Henry Sidgwick arrives at a dualism of these things by examining contradictions between utilitarianism and rational egoism. Bernard Williams argues that only internal versions of these things are valid, and that morality imposing external ones of these things onto a person is baseless. A primary variety of these things is defined in terms of a pro-attitude and a belief about an action in Donald Davidson’s essay Actions, [these things], and (*) Causes. These things are the first title entity in a work exploring the repugnant conclusion and the issue of non-identity; that work by Derek Parfit is titled for these things and persons. David Hume critiques moral theories by asserting that this thing is a “slave to the passions.” For 10 points, (10[1])a critique of what concept’s pure form titles a work by Immanuel Kant? ■END■