Herbert Gans characterized a “bumpy-line” approach to this process, in contrast to a pre-1990s “straight-line” approach. Alejandro Portes and Min Zhou developed a “segmented” theory of this process, which introduced the idea that it can be selective and racialized. It’s not mobility, but in the “downward” type of this process, children may attain a lower socioeconomic status than their parents; socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, and (*) intermarriage are three of the four criteria for measuring this process. A play by Israel Zangwill originated a metaphor for the results of this process, (10[1])which are often contrasted with the “salad bowl” (-5[1])created by pluralism. For 10 points, (-5[1])identify this process by which a minority group adopts the culture of the majority. (10[3])■END■