RSA models within this subfield, developed by Michael D. Frank and Noah D. Goodman, use recursive Bayesian probability to model the interaction between L1, S1, and L0. Working within this subfield, Geoffrey Leech posited the existence of several conventions including generosity and sympathy. This subfield’s cooperative principle requires that participants make contributions abiding by the maxims of quantity, quality, relation, and manner. This subfield (-5[1])separates illocutionary acts from merely descriptive utterances and was pioneered by Paul Grice, who coined the term “implicature.” For 10 points, name this subfield within linguistics, often contrasted with semantics, that examines (-5[1])the meaning of utterances when considered in their context. ■END■ (0[8])