Question

To calculate a current named for this phenomenon, John Bardeen used a time-dependent perturbation in his transfer Hamiltonian method. Fowler and Nordheim modeled field emission using this phenomenon, which causes Esaki diodes (10[1])to exhibit (10[1])a negative differential resistance. In a Nobel-Prize-winning device developed by Binning and Rohrer, electrons undergo this phenomenon (10[1])to induce a current in a conducting microscope tip. In an alpha decay theory posited by George (10[2])Gamow, helium nuclei undergo this phenomenon to escape Coulombic interactions, (10[2])meaning there is a nonzero wavefunction outside of a finite square well. For 10 points, (10[1])name this quantum phenomenon where a (10[1])particle passes through a classically (10[1])forbidden barrier. ■END■

ANSWER: quantum tunneling [accept tunneling current or scanning tunneling spectroscopy or scanning tunneling microscope]
<Physics>
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PlayerTeamOpponentBuzz PositionValue
Kai MadgwickManchesterCambridge A3110
Kevin FlanaganBristol ACambridge C3310
Rachel BenthamCambridge BLSE A5010
Hamish CampbellDurham AImperial B6710
Oscar O'FlanaganImperial AOxford A6710
Alessandro d'AttanasioCambridge DOxford B7710
Zuhayr ShaikhBirminghamWarwick A7710
Robert BallantyneBristol BDurham B9210
Blake DanzigerEdinburghVanderbilt9810
Henry JamesonLSE BWarwick B10310