Jacques Le Goff theorized that Purgatory was invented to save people engaging in this practice from hell. When making a qard al-hasan, this practice is either absent or only done to facilitate sadaqah. Exodus 22, Leviticus 25, and Deuteronomy 23 all permit doing this practice with foreigners, including for food, (-5[1])but not to Israelites. In Saudi Arabia, an institution called al-Rajhi uses sukuk al-murābaha (“soo-KOOK al-moo-RAH-buh-heh”) to get around prohibitions on this practice in orthodox Islam, in which it is a form of riba’. Since medieval canon law considered this practice to be theft, Christian families such as the Bardi and Peruzzi had to use workarounds such as putting mark-ups on drafts, while Jewish competitors could do this practice openly. For 10 points, give this practice of loaning out money for future profit. ■END■ (10[1])