Jacques Le Goff theorized that Purgatory was invented to save people engaging in this practice from hell. When making a qard al-hasan, this practice is either absent or only done to facilitate sadaqah. Exodus 22, Leviticus 25, and Deuteronomy 23 all permit doing this practice with foreigners, including for food, but not to Israelites. (-5[1])In Saudi Arabia, an institution called al-Rajhi uses sukuk al-murābaha (“soo-KOOK al-moo-RAH-buh-heh”) to get around prohibitions on this practice in orthodox Islam, in which it (10[1])is a form of riba’. Since medieval canon law considered this practice to be theft, Christian families (-5[1])such as the Bardi and Peruzzi had to use workarounds such as putting mark-ups on drafts, while Jewish competitors could do this practice openly. For 10 points, give this practice of loaning out money for future profit. ■END■ (10[1])