A model that describes this process relies on a scaling factor whose denominator is permittivity, minus either 0.5 or 0 depending on whether neutral or charged molecules are analyzed. The Gibbs free energy of this process is determined by summing the free energies of electrostatic interactions, dispersion–repulsion, and cavitation in the PCM model. This process can be analyzed with a “rolling ball” algorithm to determine a molecule’s accessible surface area. This process is described by the COSMO (10[1])and generalized Born models. A molecule’s tendency to undergo this process in octanol versus in water determines that molecule’s partition coefficient. The number of ions formed by this process can be quantified by the van ’t Hoff factor. (-5[1])For 10 points, name this process in which a solute is incorporated into a solvent. ■END■ (10[2])