This politician justified a turn to austerity by claiming that it would “open a parenthesis.” This politician gained leadership at the Épinay Congress after losing an election as the leader of the FGDS alliance. A rival party leader refused to use the Observatory Affair to (10[1])discredit this politician, who lost his seat in 1958 when the SFIO did not remove its candidate. This politician named a doctrine against extraditing terrorists convicted over acts (10[1])from the Years of Lead. Gaston Defferre was an important ally of this president, whose Defense Minister Charles Hernu resigned after the sinking of the Greenpeace ship Rainbow Warrior. (10[1])As president, this politician entered the first “cohabitation period” after appointing Jacques Chirac as his prime minister. For 10 points, (-5[2])name this first President (10[1])of France from the Socialist (-5[1])Party. ■END■ (10[3]0[3])