An exodus from one of these places occurred after an affiliate was sentenced to death in 1321 for kidnapping a woman. People at these locations divided themselves based on origin into mutual aid societies called “nations.” Some of these places contained an ultramontane section for foreigners. One of these places that employed Irnerius is responsible for its city’s nickname, “la dotta”; that place of this kind received its Authentica habita charter in 1158 after its infancy spurred by the rediscovery of the Digest. The first state-funded example of these places was created by Frederick II in Naples in 1224. The quadrivium (10[1])was developed in these locations as a second stage of the classical trivium. For 10 points, the oldest of what sort of institution was founded in 1088 in the city of Bologna? ■END■