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Three answers required. The Tirukkuṟaḷ (“TIR-oo-koo-rull”), the central Tamiḻ text on ethics and morality, is organized into three books corresponding to these three concepts, explaining how to keep them in balance to live a fulfilling life. For 10 points each:
[10h] Give these three Sanskrit- or Tamiḻ-language terms for the aims of human life that lead to mōksha. These purushārthas (“purr-roo-SHAR-tuhs”) roughly translate to “righteous conduct” (pause), “wealth” or “prosperity” (pause), and “pleasure” or “love.”
ANSWER: dharma AND artha AND kāma [accept answers in any order; accept aṟam in place of “dharma”; accept poruḷ in place of “artha”; accept iṉbam in place of “kāma”; reject “rita” for artha; reject “karma” for kāma]
[10m] To pursue “wealth” in line with dharma, the most famous shloka of the Bhagavad Gītā advocates the nishkāma, or “selfless,” form of karma, which, along with jñāna (“GYAH-nuh”) and bhakti (“BUCK-tee”), is central to one of these three paths to moksha.
ANSWER: yōgas [or mārgas; accept karma yōga or jñāna yōga or bhakti yōga] (The shlōka is Bhagavad Gītā 2.47.)
[10e] “Selfless action,” which involves adherence to virtues like “non-possession” and “non-stealing,” is often used to support this action that is called dāna (“DAH-nuh”) in dharmic religions. In Islam, this practice is known as zakāt.
ANSWER: charity [or synonyms like almsgiving or donation or acts of generosity] (“Non-possession” is aparigraha and “non-stealing” is asteya.)
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Cambridge ABristol001010
Oxford ACambridge B10101030
Oxford BCambridge C001010
Durham ADurham B001010
Imperial AOxford C001010
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EdinburghKCL001010
SheffieldWarwick001010