Rulers of this empire took on a “culturally null” universalism per Pamela Crossley, a revisionist of the (10[1])“new” school based on its First Historical Archives. (10[1])“Evidential” philologists blamed excessive introspection for the rule of this empire, which was decried by the “national essence” school. A dead poet who inspired a failed coup against this empire was mutilated in a literary inquisition recounted in Treason by the Book by Jonathan D. Spence. (10[1])The Elder Brothers’ (10[2])Society opposed this empire, (10[1])whose homeland was settled in a “crashing” that breached the Willow (10[1])Palisade. (10[1])A paradigmatic traitor opened a pass’s gates to this empire’s (-5[1])regent Dorgon in 1644. (10[2]-5[1])This empire was resisted by loyalists of Tungning’s (10[2])House of Koxinga in the Revolt (10[1])of the Three Feudatories. (10[1])For 10 points, (10[1])White Lotus rebels cut their queues to defy what (10[1])empire (10[1])ruled by Manchus? (10[1])■END■ (10[2])