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Lactate accumulates under this condition due to pyruvate fermentation. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this condition that results in the low pH of the tumor microenvironment. Regions with this condition are typically more than 70 microns from the nearest blood vessel, preventing gas exchange.
ANSWER: hypoxia [or anoxia; or descriptions of low oxygen or no oxygen; accept anaerobic conditions]
[10m] Hypoxic cells retain nitroimidazoles like FMISO, allowing them to be detected by this technique. Fludeoxyglucose is another tracer for this technique.
ANSWER: positron emission tomography scan [or PET scan; prompt on radiography, tomography, scintigraphy, or scintillography]
[10h] Hydrogen peroxide is a byproduct of this protein’s autocatalytic activation, which needs oxygen but still occurs in hypoxia. An “enhanced” variant of this protein was found through optimization with FACS after oligo-directed mutagenesis and contains the S65T mutation.
ANSWER: GFP [or green fluorescent protein; accept EGFP or enhanced green fluorescent protein]
<Biology>

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2024 ACF Nationals2024-04-21Y2417.5079%79%17%

Data

VirginiaArizona State1010020
Johns HopkinsBrown1010020
Chicago AChicago B1010020
Columbia BFlorida010010
HarvardChicago C10101030
Berkeley AIowa State1010020
MarylandMichigan0000
Cornell BMinnesota B100010
Cornell ANorth Carolina A010010
KentuckyNorth Carolina B1010020
NorthwesternIllinois1010020
PennClaremont Colleges10101030
RutgersOttawa1010020
Berkeley BSouth Carolina1010020
Columbia AStanford10101030
TexasIndiana0101020
Toronto AGeorgia Tech1010020
Truman StateChicago D0000
VanderbiltMcGill100010
WUSTL AMinnesota A1010020
DukeWUSTL B1010020
WaterlooPurdue1010020
Yale ANYU1010020
Yale BToronto B100010