Asymmetries in some partnered examples of these structures may produce a Thomas-Ehrman shift. Some three-component “halo” examples of these structures may also be “Borromean,” since removing any component makes an unbound system. On charts depicting possible examples of these structures, stability occurs between the “drip lines.” Terms proportional to A, A to the two-thirds, and Z squared over A to the one-third quantify the volume, surface, and (*) Coulomb (10[1])contributions to the energy of these structures, according to a formula derived from the liquid drop model. The mass defect of these structures is proportional to the binding energy required to separate them into (10[1])their constituent particles. For 10 points, what structures were discovered when a beam of alpha particles was deflected by a gold foil? ■END■