Asymmetries in some partnered examples of these structures may produce a Thomas-Ehrman shift. Some three-component “halo” examples of these structures may also be “Borromean,” since removing any component (-5[1])makes an unbound system. On charts depicting possible examples of these structures, stability occurs between the “drip lines.” Terms proportional to A, A to the two-thirds, and Z squared over A to the one-third quantify the volume, surface, and (*) Coulomb contributions to the energy of these structures, according to a formula derived from the liquid drop model. (10[1])The mass defect of these structures is proportional to the binding energy required to separate (10[1])them into their constituent particles. For 10 points, what structures were discovered when a beam of alpha particles was deflected (10[1])by a gold foil? ■END■