These objects can have their performance empirically modeled with an equation of the form of a sine containing nested arctangents commonly called Pacejka’s “magic formula.” These objects are the most common product that include the preservative 6PPD, which reacts with ozone to form a compound lethal to coho salmon. These objects may be made in bias-ply designs or in radial ply (15[1])designs using reinforcing steel belts. “End-of-life” examples of these objects may be ground into (*) “crumb,” which can be used as a “modifier” in asphalt. These objects are covered in sipes and have differently-sized pitches organized to alter their noise distributions and abate urban noise pollution. (10[1])Schrader valves are typically used to fill, for 10 points, what objects typically have internal pressures of roughly 35 psi and are characterized (10[1])by their tread patterns? ■END■