These objects can have their performance empirically modeled with an equation of the form of a sine containing nested arctangents commonly called Pacejka’s “magic formula.” These objects are the most common product that include the preservative 6PPD, which reacts with ozone to form a compound lethal to coho salmon. These objects may be made in bias-ply designs or in radial ply designs using reinforcing steel belts. “End-of-life” examples of these objects may be ground into (*) “crumb,” which can be used as a “modifier” in asphalt. These objects are covered in sipes and have differently-sized pitches organized to alter their noise distributions and abate urban noise pollution. Schrader valves are typically used to fill, for 10 points, what objects typically have internal pressures of roughly 35 psi and are characterized (10[1])by their tread patterns? ■END■