Question
Early Hindu and Buddhist philosophers’ analyses of these concepts often drew on the work of the grammarian Pāṇini’s exploration of the relation between verb and noun. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name these concepts whose division into substrate, non-substrate, and instrumental varieties in the Manual of Reason is often compared to the Western division of these concepts into material, formal, efficient, and final.
ANSWER: causes
[10h] Annambhaṭṭa wrote the Manual of Reason to expound the views of this school’s modern “Navya” variant. This astika school’s sutra was written by Akṣapāda Gautama, and it primarily focuses on logic and epistemology.
ANSWER: Nyāya [accept Navya-Nyāya]
[10e] Thinkers of the Nyāya school enumerated the pramanas, or ways of acquiring this concept, such as through experience and inference. Plato’s Theatetus defined this concept as “justified true belief.”
ANSWER: knowledge
<MB, Philosophy>
Summary
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