Question

In 2020, Borry et al. developed an “ID” method for determining this substance’s source. Population trends in ancient settlements can be determined by comparing the amount of a certain 27-carbon stanol with its “epi” derivative in this substance. They’re not bog bodies, but “paleo” examples of this substance form protective outer shells thanks to the Maillard reaction. (-5[1])An extremely large example of this substance belonging to a Viking is named for Lloyd’s Bank. (15[1])The presence of this substance in the Paisley (15[1])Caves is some of the earliest evidence of (*) human habitation in North America. Mary Anning discovered the first coprolites, (10[1])which are fossilized examples of this non-hair substance (10[2])that can be analyzed to determine parasitic infections or diet. For 10 points, name this substance that, when used as fertilizer, is called manure. ■END■

ANSWER: feces [or dung or turd or scat or poop or excrement or shit; accept manure; accept other synonyms; accept paleofeces; accept coprolites until read; accept coproID] (CoproID is particularly useful in separating human feces from dog feces; coprostanol is used as a fecal biomarker in archaeology.)
<KT, Ancient History and Archaeology>
= Average correct buzz position

Back to tossups

Buzzes

PlayerTeamOpponentBuzz PositionValue
Eileen PengOxfordWarwick56-5
Taiga ClarkeImperial BImperial A7215
Brendan BethlehemCambridge ACambridge B8015
Ben BiggsBirminghamBristol9910
Aisling SkeetDurhamEdinburgh10710
Thomas HartWarwickOxford10710

Summary

2023 ARCADIA at DukeEmory, Duke, YaleY4100%25%0%94.75
2023 ARCADIA at EmoryEmory, Duke, YaleY4100%0%0%104.25
2023 ARCADIA at ImperialImperialY5100%40%20%93.00
2023 ARCADIA OnlineMaryland, OnlineY3100%33%33%103.33
2023 ARCADIA at Ohio StateOhio State, TexasY3100%0%33%112.33
2023 ARCADIA at TexasOhio State, TexasY3100%33%67%115.67