Hans Leip falsely attributed a commonly reproduced example of these objects to a man whose two female companions claimed to be pregnant during his trial in Spanish Town. A name for these objects may derive from Ali Raja’s domination of Kolathunadu or a “bloody” object on which the Dutch placed a flexing arm. A nickname for Satan grinning may have inspired examples of these objects used by Sam Bellamy and (*) Stede Bonnet. Charles Johnson (10[2])documented one of these objects that depicts Bartholomew Roberts proposing a toast. One of these objects depicts a horned skeleton piercing a heart with a spear and was flown by Edward Teach on the Queen Anne’s Revenge. For 10 points, name these objects typically called Jolly Rogers that often depict a skull and crossbones. ■END■