A ruler of this polity was the subject of a Latin-language biography by the Sienese merchant Bertrando de Mignanelli (“MEEN-yah-NELL-lee”). After the first ruler of this polity was murdered in his bath by his second wife, the consorts of his first wife beat the second wife to death with a pair of clogs. (10[1])This was the later of two polities in which the pepper trade was controlled by kārimī merchants. (10[1]-5[1])A line of rulers of this polity were denoted “of the tower” in opposition (-5[1])to their predecessors “of the river.” This polity sheltered an exiled şehzade​​ (“sheh-ZAH-deh”) who later submitted to the Knights Hospitaller and then the Papacy and was named Cem Sultan (-5[1])(“jem SOOL-tahn”). This polity was destroyed after (-5[1])the 1517 Battle (-5[1])of Ridaniya (“reh-duh-NEE-yuh”) by Selim I. (10[2])This polity’s first ruler is usually considered to be Shajar (10[2])al-Durr, (10[1])who was widowed after the Seventh Crusade. This polity’s Burji dynasty was ruled (10[1])by former Circassian (-5[1])slaves. (10[1])For 10 points, name this sultanate (10[1])that overthrew (10[1])the (10[1])Ayyubids (“eye-YOO-bids”) in Egypt. (10[3])■END■ (10[5]0[3])