D. M. Armstrong adopted fictionalism about these entities in arguing that objects are “aspects of, abstractions from” facts. In that book, Armstrong argues for a “combinatorial” view of these entities. Accessibility relations between these entities can impact truth values in relational semantics. These entities are maximally connected objects in concretist definitions of them, which are opposed by Alvin Plantinga’s (*) abstractionist views. These entities were popularized to provide an extensional semantics to modal logic since modal operators can be regarded as quantifiers over these entities. A “plurality” of these entities exist according to David Lewis. Rigid designators refer to the same thing across all of these entities. For 10 points, Gottfried Leibniz argued that we live in the best of what entities? ■END■
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Stanford | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 50% | 0% | 58.75 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Northwestern | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 25% | 50% | 100.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Mainsite (UPenn) | 11/01/25 | Y | 6 | 100% | 17% | 50% | 94.67 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - BU | 11/01/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 25% | 25% | 82.25 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - CWRU | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 108.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UNC | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 33% | 67% | 92.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - WashU | 11/01/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 104.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Ottawa | 11/01/25 | Y | 7 | 100% | 43% | 0% | 65.43 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UK | 11/01/25 | Y | 9 | 100% | 22% | 33% | 95.67 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Online | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 107.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Murray State | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 103.50 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omer Keskin | Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance | Washed Scrubs | 15 | -5 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto G | Waterloo you are crooked | 29 | 15 |
| Orion Keller | VT A | UNC B | 34 | 15 |
| Ava Butler | McGill B | Ottawa 67s | 34 | 15 |
| Matt Booth | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | To buzz is to be perceived | 36 | 15 |
| Anuttam Ramji | Berkeley B | The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now | 36 | 15 |
| Eric Chen | In Search of Lost Clues | Berkeley C | 36 | 15 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto Murder on the Rider Express | McGill Fartlets | 37 | 15 |
| Mattias Ehatamm | Maryland A | Maryland C | 41 | 15 |
| Nathan Sheffield | MIT A | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | 46 | 15 |
| Andrew Wang | Illinois | Northwestern A | 49 | 15 |
| Linus Luu | question mark | Galactic Ombudsmen | 58 | 15 |
| Nikolas Polsinelli | UChicago C | Northwestern B | 60 | -5 |
| Sheehan Banka | New Young Whigs of America | abg academy | 60 | -5 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | Brown | 69 | 10 |
| Erik Christensen | #OpenToBuzz | Toronto E | 71 | 10 |
| Tosca Zhang | NYU B | Mount Sinai | 77 | -5 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley A | Stanford B | 78 | 10 |
| Jerry Vinokurov | John Jay | Columbia B | 81 | 10 |
| Kevin Zheng | Michigan A | Michigan B | 83 | 10 |
| Aiden Bang | JHU B | Columbia A | 83 | -5 |
| Peter Breggren | MIT B | Brandeis | 85 | -5 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Free Win | 85 | 10 |
| Neal Joshi | VJ Edgecombe School of Interior Design - Edwardsville | Truman State | 87 | 10 |
| Henry Atkins | Aweille Kevin Fan osti continue comme ça | Guelph perfomative male competition | 88 | 10 |
| Jisoo Yoo | Texas A | Oklahoma | 89 | 10 |
| Ryan Rosenberg | NYU A | Maryland B | 93 | 10 |
| Joy An | Harvard | Yale | 93 | 10 |
| Sam Moore | Knorr Stock Clue | Chimp Brisket | 93 | 10 |
| Will Alston | rusty shackleford | Wake Up Paddington A Washington Mystery | 93 | 10 |
| Andrew McCowan | Queen's is monitoring the situation | Toronto Sunshine Bubbles | 93 | 10 |
| Zach Foster | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | 94 | -5 |
| Ben Hellman | Swarthmore | JHU A | 95 | -5 |
| Zachary Bornstein | VT B | Wise Duke | 95 | -5 |
| Fern Fang | Planck Sinatra | UNC A | 95 | -5 |
| Simon Zimmerman | Ohio State A | CWRU | 101 | -5 |
| Michael Wu | Coughing Baby | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | 101 | 10 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue B | Indiana | 103 | -5 |
| Charles Hang | WashU Kiki | WashU Bouba | 105 | -5 |
| Charlie Lowman | Paul Quifford, or, It Was a Dark and Stormy Tournament | The Bit and the Penndulum | 106 | 10 |
| Yihong Chen | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | Carleton A | 106 | 10 |
| Matthew Westley | Purdue A | UChicago B | 110 | 10 |
| Michael Durrant | Ohio State B | Michigan C | 110 | -5 |
| Ted Warner | Bristold | Of Mice and Penn | 110 | -5 |
| Vivek Sasse | Hail to the Sheaf | Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh | 111 | 10 |
| Joey Goldman | Washed Scrubs | Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance | 114 | 10 |
| Moses Kitakule | Columbia A | JHU B | 115 | 10 |
| Sinecio Morales | JHU A | Swarthmore | 117 | 10 |
| Randy Guo | Texas B | Central Oklahoma | 118 | 10 |
| Andrew Amygdalos | CWRU | Ohio State A | 120 | 10 |
| Justin Hawkins | Indiana | Purdue B | 120 | 10 |
| Daniel Ma | Mount Sinai | NYU B | 121 | 10 |
| Max Averbach | Northwestern B | UChicago C | 121 | 10 |
| Abdelrahman Elsisi | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | 121 | 10 |
| Aditya Sharma | Wise Duke | VT B | 121 | 10 |
| Jonathan Schnipper | Brandeis | MIT B | 121 | 10 |
| Daniel Huang | Michigan C | Ohio State B | 121 | 10 |
| Ethan Webb | Of Mice and Penn | Bristold | 121 | 10 |
| Graham Troy | UNC A | Planck Sinatra | 121 | 10 |
| Paul Lee | WashU Bouba | WashU Kiki | 121 | 10 |
| Subhamitra Banerjee Roychoudhury | abg academy | New Young Whigs of America | 121 | 10 |