A Karl H. Potter paper argues that Indian conceptions of this concept differ from Western ones in that they are based on “relativity to purpose.” The Nyāya school defended this concept by arguing that goal-directed activity would not take place if this concept did not exist. Karmic particles obscure this concept from the soul in Jain thought, which recognizes five types of this concept including shruta and mati. A spiritual type of this concept is called (*) vidyā. Nāgārjuna argued against the self-establishment of sources of this concept called pramāṇas. Jñāna (“juh-NYAH-nuh”) is the Sanskrit term for this concept, which the Theaetetus explains using a three-pronged definition. For 10 points, name this concept defined as “justified true belief”, the focus of epistemology. ■END■
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Stanford | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 92.75 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Northwestern | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 107.75 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Mainsite (UPenn) | 11/01/25 | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 112.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - BU | 11/01/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 97.25 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - CWRU | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 98.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UNC | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 114.33 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - WashU | 11/01/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 50% | 0% | 94.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Ottawa | 11/01/25 | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 29% | 107.43 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UK | 11/01/25 | Y | 9 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 102.78 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Online | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 108.50 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Murray State | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 97.50 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eric Chen | In Search of Lost Clues | Free Win | 56 | -5 |
| Will Alston | rusty shackleford | New Young Whigs of America | 60 | -5 |
| Joseph Collins | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | Galactic Ombudsmen | 64 | -5 |
| John Marvin | UChicago A | Indiana | 67 | -5 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton A | Guelph perfomative male competition | 67 | -5 |
| Andrew Wang | Illinois | Purdue B | 68 | -5 |
| Annabelle Yang | WashU Bouba | Truman State | 75 | 15 |
| Walter Zhang | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | Yale | 75 | -5 |
| Keerthana Krishnan | Texas B | Texas A | 76 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | Ohio State A | Michigan A | 76 | 10 |
| Ved Muthusamy | Northwestern A | Northwestern B | 77 | 10 |
| Sidarth Erat | MIT B | RIT | 77 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley B | Berkeley A | 77 | 10 |
| Sinecio Morales | JHU A | Maryland A | 86 | -5 |
| Joey Goldman | Washed Scrubs | Coughing Baby | 86 | -5 |
| Oliver Hargrave | Hail to the Sheaf | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | 86 | -5 |
| Daniel Ma | Mount Sinai | NYU A | 88 | -5 |
| Joy An | Harvard | MIT A | 88 | 10 |
| Omer Keskin | Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance | question mark | 88 | 10 |
| Antoni Kluzowski | The Bit and the Penndulum | Chimp Brisket | 88 | 10 |
| Yihong Chen | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | Toronto G | 88 | -5 |
| Micah Colman | Waterloo you are crooked | Queen's is monitoring the situation | 88 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley C | 88 | 10 |
| Richard Niu | The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now | Stanford B | 88 | 10 |
| Brendan Bethlehem | Knorr Stock Clue | Of Mice and Penn | 88 | 10 |
| Eve Fleisig | To buzz is to be perceived | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | 95 | 10 |
| Shivam Chaturvedi | Columbia B | JHU B | 96 | 10 |
| Subhamitra Banerjee Roychoudhury | abg academy | Wake Up Paddington A Washington Mystery | 98 | 10 |
| Erik Christensen | #OpenToBuzz | Aweille Kevin Fan osti continue comme ça | 101 | 10 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | Michigan C | 103 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill B | Toronto E | 103 | 10 |
| Moses Kitakule | Columbia A | Swarthmore | 104 | 10 |
| Christopher Dech | Brandeis | Brown | 104 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto Murder on the Rider Express | Toronto Sunshine Bubbles | 106 | 10 |
| Michael Wu | Coughing Baby | Washed Scrubs | 110 | 10 |
| Noah Chin | VT A | Wise Duke | 110 | 10 |
| Kevin Liu | Maryland C | Maryland B | 112 | 10 |
| John John Groger | WashU Kiki | VJ Edgecombe School of Interior Design - Edwardsville | 113 | 10 |
| Daniel Bloom | Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | 113 | 10 |
| Ben Russell Jones | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | Hail to the Sheaf | 113 | 10 |
| Charlie Ruff | McGill Fartlets | Ottawa 67s | 114 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU | Ohio State B | 115 | 10 |
| Ted Warner | Bristold | Paul Quifford, or, It Was a Dark and Stormy Tournament | 115 | 10 |
| Ben LaFond | Galactic Ombudsmen | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | 115 | 10 |
| Nick Smemoe | UNC A | VT B | 115 | 10 |
| Mats Miller | UChicago C | Purdue A | 115 | 10 |
| Kelvin Ni | NYU B | John Jay | 117 | -5 |
| Micah Williams | Planck Sinatra | UNC B | 118 | 10 |
| Shahar Schwartz | Free Win | In Search of Lost Clues | 118 | 10 |
| Chris Stewart | Oklahoma | Central Oklahoma | 119 | 10 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue B | Illinois | 119 | 10 |
| Braxton Davis | New Young Whigs of America | rusty shackleford | 119 | 10 |
| Eshan Pant | NYU A | Mount Sinai | 120 | 10 |
| Jerry Vinokurov | John Jay | NYU B | 120 | 10 |
| Justin Hawkins | Indiana | UChicago A | 120 | 10 |
| Mattias Ehatamm | Maryland A | JHU A | 120 | 10 |
| Brenden Stremler | Yale | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | 120 | 10 |
| Rayton Lin | Guelph perfomative male competition | Carleton A | 120 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto G | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | 120 | 10 |