A Karl H. Potter paper argues that Indian conceptions of this concept differ from Western ones in that they are based on “relativity to purpose.” The Nyāya school defended this concept by arguing that goal-directed activity would not take place if this concept did not exist. Karmic particles obscure this concept from the soul in Jain thought, which recognizes five types of this concept including shruta and mati. A spiritual type of this concept is called (*) vidyā. Nāgārjuna argued against the self-establishment of sources of this concept called pramāṇas. Jñāna (“juh-NYAH-nuh”) is the Sanskrit term for this concept, which the Theaetetus explains using a three-pronged definition. For 10 points, name this concept defined as “justified true belief”, the focus of epistemology. ■END■
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Stanford | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 92.75 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Northwestern | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 107.75 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Mainsite (UPenn) | 11/01/25 | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 112.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - BU | 11/01/25 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 97.25 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - CWRU | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 98.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UNC | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 114.33 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - WashU | 11/01/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 50% | 0% | 94.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Ottawa | 11/01/25 | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 29% | 107.43 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UK | 11/01/25 | Y | 9 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 102.78 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Online | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 108.50 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Murray State | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 97.50 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eric Chen | In Search of Lost Clues | Free Win | 56 | -5 |
| Will Alston | rusty shackleford | New Young Whigs of America | 60 | -5 |
| Joseph Collins | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | Galactic Ombudsmen | 64 | -5 |
| John Marvin | UChicago A | Indiana | 67 | -5 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton A | Guelph perfomative male competition | 67 | -5 |
| Andrew Wang | Illinois | Purdue B | 68 | -5 |
| Walter Zhang | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | Yale | 75 | -5 |
| Annabelle Yang | WashU Bouba | Truman State | 75 | 15 |
| Keerthana Krishnan | Texas B | Texas A | 76 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | Ohio State A | Michigan A | 76 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley B | Berkeley A | 77 | 10 |
| Ved Muthusamy | Northwestern A | Northwestern B | 77 | 10 |
| Sidarth Erat | MIT B | RIT | 77 | 10 |
| Oliver Hargrave | Hail to the Sheaf | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | 86 | -5 |
| Sinecio Morales | JHU A | Maryland A | 86 | -5 |
| Joey Goldman | Washed Scrubs | Coughing Baby | 86 | -5 |
| Yihong Chen | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | Toronto G | 88 | -5 |
| Micah Colman | Waterloo you are crooked | Queen's is monitoring the situation | 88 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley C | 88 | 10 |
| Richard Niu | The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now | Stanford B | 88 | 10 |
| Brendan Bethlehem | Knorr Stock Clue | Of Mice and Penn | 88 | 10 |
| Joy An | Harvard | MIT A | 88 | 10 |
| Daniel Ma | Mount Sinai | NYU A | 88 | -5 |
| Omer Keskin | Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance | question mark | 88 | 10 |
| Antoni Kluzowski | The Bit and the Penndulum | Chimp Brisket | 88 | 10 |
| Eve Fleisig | To buzz is to be perceived | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | 95 | 10 |
| Shivam Chaturvedi | Columbia B | JHU B | 96 | 10 |
| Subhamitra Banerjee Roychoudhury | abg academy | Wake Up Paddington A Washington Mystery | 98 | 10 |
| Erik Christensen | #OpenToBuzz | Aweille Kevin Fan osti continue comme ça | 101 | 10 |
| Asha Basu | McGill B | Toronto E | 103 | 10 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pittsburgh | Michigan C | 103 | 10 |
| Christopher Dech | Brandeis | Brown | 104 | 10 |
| Moses Kitakule | Columbia A | Swarthmore | 104 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto Murder on the Rider Express | Toronto Sunshine Bubbles | 106 | 10 |
| Michael Wu | Coughing Baby | Washed Scrubs | 110 | 10 |
| Noah Chin | VT A | Wise Duke | 110 | 10 |
| Kevin Liu | Maryland C | Maryland B | 112 | 10 |
| Daniel Bloom | Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | 113 | 10 |
| Ben Russell Jones | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | Hail to the Sheaf | 113 | 10 |
| John John Groger | WashU Kiki | VJ Edgecombe School of Interior Design - Edwardsville | 113 | 10 |
| Charlie Ruff | McGill Fartlets | Ottawa 67s | 114 | 10 |
| Mats Miller | UChicago C | Purdue A | 115 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU | Ohio State B | 115 | 10 |
| Ted Warner | Bristold | Paul Quifford, or, It Was a Dark and Stormy Tournament | 115 | 10 |
| Ben LaFond | Galactic Ombudsmen | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | 115 | 10 |
| Nick Smemoe | UNC A | VT B | 115 | 10 |
| Kelvin Ni | NYU B | John Jay | 117 | -5 |
| Shahar Schwartz | Free Win | In Search of Lost Clues | 118 | 10 |
| Micah Williams | Planck Sinatra | UNC B | 118 | 10 |
| Chris Stewart | Oklahoma | Central Oklahoma | 119 | 10 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue B | Illinois | 119 | 10 |
| Braxton Davis | New Young Whigs of America | rusty shackleford | 119 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto G | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | 120 | 10 |
| Brenden Stremler | Yale | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | 120 | 10 |
| Justin Hawkins | Indiana | UChicago A | 120 | 10 |
| Rayton Lin | Guelph perfomative male competition | Carleton A | 120 | 10 |
| Mattias Ehatamm | Maryland A | JHU A | 120 | 10 |
| Eshan Pant | NYU A | Mount Sinai | 120 | 10 |
| Jerry Vinokurov | John Jay | NYU B | 120 | 10 |