Philip E. Tetlock authored a “social check” on this phenomenon, which was eliminated in an experiment centering on affirmative action. Thomas Pettigrew extended this phenomenon to an “ultimate” type for in- and out-groups. (10[1]-5[1])In an experiment demonstrating this phenomenon, students (-5[1])rated a quizmaster’s knowledge (-5[1])as “above average” despite being selected randomly. (-5[3])Lee Ross coined this phenomenon’s (10[2])name in an essay discussing how people believed individuals assigned (-5[1])to write pro-Castro essays (-5[1])were actually pro-Castro. (10[3]-5[2])This (10[2])cognitive bias (10[1]-5[1])under-emphasizes (10[1]-5[1])situational explanations (10[3]-5[1])and overemphasizes trait-based explanations (10[1]-5[1])for an actor’s behavior. (10[1])For 10 points, (-5[1])identify (-5[1])this “error” named (10[1])in part for (-5[1])the process (10[1])in which people infer causes (-5[1])for behaviors. ■END■ (10[7]0[16])