Question
Michael Devitt introduced the idea that these events are affected by subsequent interactions, which he called “multiple groundings.” For 10 points each:
[10h] Give this term for the moment of “dubbing” that sets off a “causal chain.” Saul Kripke used this term in Naming and Necessity for the event when a name is first assigned to something and becomes a rigid designator.
ANSWER: baptism [or initial baptism; accept baptismal ceremony; accept word forms like baptizing]
[10m] Kripke’s account opposed a prior theory that treats the meaning of a name as equivalent to the set of these phrases. The essay “On Denoting” distinguishes between “definite” and “indefinite” examples of these phrases.
ANSWER: descriptions [accept descriptivism or word forms like describing]
[10e] This Cambridge philosopher laid the groundwork for his descriptivist theory of names in “On Denoting.” He also co-wrote Principia Mathematica with Alfred North Whitehead.
ANSWER: Bertrand Russell
<Sheffield A, Philosophy>
Summary
| California | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 33% | 33% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 8.33 | 67% | 0% | 17% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 18.33 | 100% | 50% | 33% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 67% | 33% | 33% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 80% | 20% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 25.00 | 100% | 100% | 50% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 7.50 | 75% | 0% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 12.00 | 60% | 50% | 10% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 15.00 | 75% | 50% | 25% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| Claremont A | UCLA | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Claremont B | UC Berkeley A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UC Berkeley B | UCSD | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Carnegie Mellon A | Ohio State A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Michigan D | Carnegie Mellon B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Case Western A | Case Western B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Michigan State | Michigan A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Ohio State B | Kenyon | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Duke | William & Mary | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UNC B | Liberty A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Liberty C | UNC D | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| South Carolina | Virginia Tech A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UNC C | Liberty B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Virginia A | Wake Forest | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Chicago A | Chicago B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Chicago D | Missouri S&T | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Illinois B | Indiana B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Illinois C | WashU A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Illinois A | Indiana A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Chicago C | Missouri | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Carleton | Wisconsin A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Winona State | Iowa State | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Minnesota B | Wisconsin B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Stanford B | Georgetown A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Northwestern A | Georgetown B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Iowa | Notre Dame B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Purdue | Northwestern B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Notre Dame C | Notre Dame A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| UW A | Alberta | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UBC | UW B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Texas A | TAMU | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| ASU | Texas B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Georgia Tech C | Alabama A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Louisville A | Vanderbilt A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Tennessee A | Georgia Tech D | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech B | Bruin A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cambridge A | Oxford B | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Cambridge E | Cambridge C | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cambridge D | Cambridge B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Imperial A | Durham | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Imperial B | LSE | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Warwick A | Manchester | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Oxford A | Warwick B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Oxford C | Southampton A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sheffield | Bristol | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Southampton B | NYU C | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia B | Haverford B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Cornell B | Columbia C | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| NYU A | John Jay College | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Johns Hopkins A | Rutgers A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Penn B | Maryland B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NYU B | George Washington A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| George Washington B | Penn A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vassar A | Yale A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cornell D | ESF A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| RIT A | Cornell C | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| RIT B | Binghamton A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |