A hypothesis for how herbivores and pathogens affect levels of this quantity in forests was proposed by Janzen and Connell. (10[1])A measure of this quantity is given by (10[1])[read slowly] “one minus (10[1]-5[1])the sum of (10[1])little (10[1])n (10[1])times (10[1])little (10[1]-5[1])n (10[2])minus one, over (-5[1])big N times big (10[1])N (10[2])minus one.” Measures for (10[1])this quantity (10[1])named (10[3])for (10[1])Simpson (10[15])and (10[10])Shannon (10[2]-5[2])consider (10[4]-5[1])both evenness (10[12]-5[3])and richness. (10[6])A (10[3]-5[1])“latitudinal (10[1])gradient” (10[1])describes how (10[2])this (10[2])biological (10[3])quantity (10[1])increases near (10[10]-5[4])the (10[2])tropics. (10[2])Regions (10[3])with (10[1])high values (10[3])for (-5[1])this quantity that (10[1])are threatened by (10[3])human habitation (10[1])are known as (10[2])its “hotspots” and (10[1])include the (10[1])Amazon Rainforest. For 10 points, name this quantity that measures (10[1])the variability of species in a (10[9])region. ■END■