In the Jendrassik-Grof procedure, an accelerator consisting of sodium benzoate and this compound is used to solubilize the bilirubin from serum. Along with glucose, this compound promotes the conversion of the a form of glycogen phosphorylase to an inactive T state. (-5[1])A reagent mix consisting of sodium hydroxide and iodomethane was used by Emil Fischer to first artificially synthesize this compound in 1895. After being trafficked to the liver, this compound mostly gets metabolized into (*) paraxanthine. In one environmentally friendly method, this compound is extracted from one product using a (10[1])supercritical CO2 (10[1])solvent. (10[2])In its most common application, this purine alkaloid functions by blocking the binding of adenosine with its neuronal receptors. For 10 points, name this bitter stimulant found naturally in coffee beans. ■END■