In the Jendrassik-Grof procedure, an accelerator consisting of sodium benzoate and this compound is used to solubilize bilirubin in water. A reagent mix consisting of sodium hydroxide and iodomethane was used by Emil Fischer to first artificially synthesize this compound in 1895. After being trafficked to the liver, this compound mostly gets metabolized into paraxanthine (“PEH-ruh-zan-theen”). This compound can be synthesized by N-methylating (*) theobromine. In one environmentally friendly method, this compound is extracted from a certain product using a supercritical carbon dioxide solvent. In its most common application, this purine alkaloid functions by blocking the binding of adenosine with its neuronal receptors. For 10 points, name this bitter stimulant found naturally in coffee beans. ■END■